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Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR)

Você já precisou elaborar uma APR e não soube por onde começar? Nesse artigo vamos procurar responder os conceitos principais envolvidos na elaboração de uma APR. Sabe quais são as melhores práticas para uma APR bem elaborada? Esse artigo vai te ajudar.

1. O que é APR?

A Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR) é uma metodologia sistemática utilizada para identificar e avaliar riscos potenciais associados a atividades ou processos antes de sua execução. Este método é amplamente empregado em diversas indústrias para assegurar que os riscos sejam identificados, analisados e controlados de maneira eficaz.

2. O que significa APR e para que serve?

APR significa “Análise Preliminar de Riscos”. A APR serve como uma ferramenta preventiva para reconhecer e mitigar riscos antes que possam causar danos aos trabalhadores, instalações, produtos ou ao meio ambiente. A principal finalidade da APR é garantir a segurança e a saúde ocupacional, prevenindo acidentes e incidentes através da identificação e avaliação de perigos potenciais para uma determinada atividade ou processo.

3. Qual é o objetivo da APR?

O objetivo da APR é duplo:

  1. Identificação de Riscos: Reconhecer todos os riscos potenciais associados a uma atividade específica, processo ou sistema antes de sua execução.
  2. Implementação de Medidas de Controle: Desenvolver e implementar estratégias e ações para eliminar, reduzir ou controlar os riscos identificados, garantindo assim um ambiente de trabalho seguro.

4. Como fazer uma APR?

A execução de uma APR segue uma sequência de passos bem definidos. Abaixo está um exemplo prático de como realizar uma APR:

Passo 1: Definição do Escopo e Contexto

Definir claramente o escopo da APR, especificando o processo, atividade ou sistema que será analisado. Também é importante considerar o contexto operacional e os limites da análise.

Passo 2: Formação da Equipe

Reunir uma equipe multidisciplinar composta por especialistas, como engenheiros, técnicos de segurança, operadores e outros profissionais com conhecimento relevante sobre o processo ou atividade a ser analisada.

Passo 3: Identificação de Perigos

Listar todos os perigos potenciais que possam estar presentes durante a execução do processo ou atividade. Isso pode incluir perigos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonômicos, entre outros.

Passo 4: Avaliação de Riscos

Para cada perigo identificado, avaliar a probabilidade de ocorrência e a gravidade das consequências caso o perigo se concretize. Esta avaliação pode ser qualitativa ou quantitativa, dependendo da disponibilidade de dados e do contexto.

Passo 5: Desenvolvimento de Medidas de Controle

Elaborar e implementar medidas de controle para cada risco identificado. Estas medidas podem incluir a eliminação do risco, substituição de materiais ou processos, implementação de barreiras de proteção, treinamento de pessoal, uso de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs), entre outras.

Passo 6: Documentação e Revisão

Registrar todas as etapas da APR, incluindo os riscos identificados, a avaliação realizada e as medidas de controle implementadas. É importante revisar e atualizar a APR periodicamente ou sempre que houver mudanças significativas no processo ou atividade.




Exemplo Prático de APR

Serviço a ser executado: Atividade de poda e jardinagem.

Conclusão

A Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR) é uma ferramenta essencial na gestão de riscos ocupacionais. Ao identificar e avaliar riscos potenciais antes da execução de atividades, a APR permite a implementação de medidas de controle eficazes, garantindo a segurança dos trabalhadores e a integridade das instalações. Seguir um processo estruturado para a realização da APR é crucial para o sucesso dessa metodologia preventiva.




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