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Síndrome de Burnout (esgotamento profissional)

A síndrome de burnout é um distúrbio psíquico caracterizado pelo estado de tensão emocional e estresse provocados por condições de trabalho desgastantes. Professores e policiais estão entre as classes mais atingidas.
A síndrome de burnout, ou síndrome do esgotamento profissional, é um distúrbio psíquico descrito em 1974 por Freudenberger, um médico americano. O transtorno está registrado no grupo 24 do CID-11 (Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde) como um dos fatores que influenciam a saúde ou o contato com serviços de saúde, entre os problemas relacionados ao emprego e desemprego.

Sua principal característica é o estado de tensão emocional e estresse crônicos provocado por condições de trabalho físicas, emocionais e psicológicas desgastantes. A síndrome se manifesta especialmente em pessoas cuja profissão exige envolvimento interpessoal direto e intenso.

Profissionais das áreas de educação, saúde, assistência social, recursos humanos, agentes penitenciários, bombeiros, policiais e mulheres que enfrentam dupla jornada correm risco maior de desenvolver o transtorno.

Sintomas do Burnout.

O sintoma típico da síndrome de burnout é a sensação de esgotamento físico e emocional que se reflete em atitudes negativas, como:

  • Ausências no trabalho;
  • Agressividade;
  • Isolamento;
  • Mudanças bruscas de humor;
  • Irritabilidade;
  • Dificuldade de concentração;
  • Lapsos de memória;
  • Ansiedade;
  • Depressão;
  • Pessimismo;
  • Baixa autoestima.

Dor de cabeça, enxaqueca, cansaço, sudorese, palpitação, pressão alta, dores musculares, insônia, crises de asma, distúrbios gastrintestinais são manifestações físicas que podem estar associadas à síndrome.

Diagnóstico de Burnout.

O diagnóstico é basicamente clínico e leva em conta o levantamento da história do paciente e seu envolvimento e realização pessoal no trabalho.

Respostas psicométricas a questionário baseado na Escala Likert também ajudam a estabelecer o diagnóstico.

Tratamento do Burnout.

O tratamento da síndrome de burnout inclui o uso de antidepressivos e psicoterapia. Atividade física regular e exercícios de relaxamento também são altamente recomendados para ajudar a controlar os sintomas.

Recomendações para pacientes com Burnout.

  • Não use a falta de tempo como desculpa para não praticar exercícios físicos e não desfrutar momentos de descontração e lazer. Mudanças no estilo de vida podem ser a melhor forma de prevenir ou mesmo tratar a síndrome de burnout;
  • Conscientize-se de que o consumo de álcool e de outras drogas para afastar as crises de ansiedade e depressão não é um bom remédio para resolver o problema;
  • Avalie quanto as condições de trabalho estão interferindo em sua qualidade de vida e prejudicando sua saúde física e mental;
  • Avalie também a possibilidade de propor uma nova dinâmica para as atividades diárias e objetivos profissionais;
  • Ouça a opinião de seus familiares, amigos e colegas: Quem tem burnout, muitas vezes não percebe;
  • Não hesite em procurar ajuda profissional. A saúde mental é tão importante quanto a física.

Qual profissional devo procurar?

Um psicoterapeuta ou psiquiatra. Ele pode receitar terapia cognitiva comportamental ou outro tipo de atendimento psicológico. Eventualmente, medicamentos entram em cena, com o uso de antidepressivos.

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